Pneumonia is the Leading Cause of Death in the Elderly

''Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in the elderly'' (Mauk, 2010, p. 402). Diagnosis of pneumonia in the elderly is often thwarted by difficulties in recognizing infection, as signs and symptoms differ from those observed in younger patients. ''In spite of the availability of potent antibiotics and sophisticated diagnostic techniques, pneumonia continues to be a serious problem among elders'' (Mick, 1997,p.100). Furthermore, the classic picture of high fever and chills, productive cough and pleuritic chest pain may not apply for elderly patients. Subsequently, ''confusion and deterioration in baseline function and performance of activities of daily living are the lone hallmarks of pneumonia among elderly patients'' (Mick,1997,p.99). Nursing observations and communications with the primary health care provider play a crucial role in the care and treatment of elderly patients with pneumonia. ''Although pneumonia may be a terminal event, recognition of symptoms, prompt diagnosis and administration of appropriate antibiotics can reduce complications and morbidity'' (Mick, 1997, p.101).Improvement is expected within 3 to 4 days of implementation of antibiotic therapy. Clinical deterioration and worsening chest radiograms indicate inadequate or inappropriate antibiotics and require reevaluation.
In addition, a number of steps can be taken to help prevent getting pneumonia. The elderly should stop smoking , avoid contact with people who have respiratory tract infections such as colds and the flu. Also, if the elderly have not had measles or chickenpox or gotten vaccines against these diseases, they should avoid contact with people who have these infections. They should wash their hands often. This helps prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria that may cause pneumonia. “Adults over 65 should get a pneumonia vaccine” (Mauk, 2010, p.403). Lastly, yearly vaccinations for influenza may prevent someone from getting the flu. Influenza often can lead to pneumonia especially in older adults.

REFERENCES
Mauk, K. L. (2010). Gerontological Nursing. Competencies for care. (2nd ed). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Mick, D. J. (1997). Pneumonia in Elders. Geriatric Nursing, (18) 3, 99-102

NOTE: This blog post reflects the work of A registered nurse with minor editing by Shirley Comer RN and was completed as a class assignment. The content of this blog is for informational purposes only. Before beginning or changing a treatment or lifestyle regime you should consult your primary health care provider.