Benign prostatic Hyperplasia in the Older Man

As men age the prostate gland enlarges, which causes the layer of tissue surrounding it to stop expanding and starts to press against the urethra. The prostate also extends upward into the bladder causing it to become weak leading to incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention. Even the smallest amount of urine makes the bladder contract leading to frequent urination. Urinary tract infections occur due to urine that sits in the bladder. The cause is uncertain but has been linked to men with testosterone levels above the median. Risk factors include; smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, heart disease and diabetes. Men usually don't know until the ability to urinate is non-existent due to obstruction. Over the counter allergy medication are said to prevent the bladder from relaxing and allowing urine to flow, which may cause them to visit the hospital. A digital rectal exam reveals a large, rubbery non-tender prostate gland. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) may be drawn to rule out cancer. Urine flow study may be done to measure how quick urine is flowing. FDA have approved 6 drugs to relieve symptoms of BPH. These drugs are proscar, avodart, hytrin, cardura, flomax and uroxatral. For worse cases surgery may be needed to remove the enlarged tissue that press agaisnt the urethra to relieve the obstruction. It is important for men to get regular exams after age 40 to determine the size of the prostate and whether treatment is needed.

References

Cheever H. K. & Bare, G. B. & Hinkle L. J. & Smeltzer C. S. Assessment and management of

problems related to male reproductive processes. (11^th ed). Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (pp.1751-1752). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincot

www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov

NOTE: This blog post reflects the work of a Registered Nurse with minor editing by Shirley Comer RN and was completed as a class assignment. The content of this blog is for informational purposes only. Before beginning or changing a treatment or lifestyle regime you should consult your primary health care provider.