Colorectal Cancer Screening

By: DeAngela Newell RN

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common diagnosed cancer. As of 2005 colorectal cancer was diagnosed in approximately 150,000 people annually. Colorectal cancer occurs anywhere within the large intestines and usually develops from a polyp (abnormal growth). These abnormal cells will continue to grow and multiply. Death rate for colorectal cancer is 45% higher in African Americans than Caucasians related mostly to lack of screening and healthcare for this condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer:
· Changes in bowel movements (constipation/diarrhea)
· Stool that is long and thin “pencil like”
· Abdominal discomfort/bloating
· Unexplained fatigue/weight loss

Risk Factors:
· Increased age (over 50) increases with each decade of life.
· Occurs equally in both men and women. Women generally develop colon cancer while men are more prone to rectal cancer.
· Polyps-history of polyps
· Medical history: history of ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, uterine, ovarian and breast cancer
· High fat diet/ low fiber diet increases you risk.
· Lifestyle factors: smoking, not exercising and being overweight.

Prevention:
· Diet: high fiber diet including 5 servings of fruit/vegetables. Low fat diet
· Screening: Rectal exam yearly or per PHCP advise. Fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy.

Treatment for colorectal cancer varies depending on your individual results and can be best managed and determined between you and your Primary Health Care Provider.

References

Mauk, K. (2006). Gerontological Nursing, Competencies for care: P. 382. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
www.webmd.com
www.americancancersociety.com

Notes: This blog post reflects the work of DeAngela Newell RN with minor editing by Shirley Comer RN and was completed as a class assignment. The content of this blog is for informational purposes only. Before beginning or changing a treatment or lifestyle regime you should consult your primary health care provider.